譯序（侯捷） v 目錄（Contents） vii 前言（Preface） xiii 致謝（Acknowledgments. 中文版略） xvii 導(dǎo)讀（Introduction） 001 改變舊有的C習(xí)慣（Shifting from C to C++） 013 條款1：盡量以 const 和 inline 取代 #define 013 Prefer const and inline to #define. 條款2：盡量以 取代 017 Prefer to . 條款3：盡量以 new 和 delete 取代 malloc() 和 free() 019 Prefer new and delete to malloc and free. 條款4：盡量使用 C++ 風(fēng)格的注釋形式 021 Prefer C++-style comments. 內(nèi)存管理（Memory Management） 022 條款5：使用相同形式的 new 和 delete 023 Use the same form in corresponding uses of new and delete. 條款6：記得在 destructor 中以delete 對(duì)付 pointer members 024 Use delete on pointer members in destructors. 條款7：為內(nèi)存不足的狀況預(yù)做準(zhǔn)備 025 Be prepared for out-of-memory conditions. 條款8：撰寫 operator new 和 operator delete 時(shí)應(yīng)遵行公約 033 Adhere to convention when writing operator new and operator delete. 條款9：避免遮掩了 new 的正規(guī)形式 037 Avoid hiding the "normal" form of new. 條款10：如果你寫了一個(gè)operator new， 請(qǐng)對(duì)應(yīng)也寫一個(gè)operator delete 039 Write operator delete if you write operator new. 構(gòu)造函數(shù)、析構(gòu)函數(shù)和Assignment 運(yùn)算符 049 Constructors, Destructors, and Assignment Operators 條款11：如果classes內(nèi)動(dòng)態(tài)配置有內(nèi)存，請(qǐng)為此 class 宣告 一個(gè) copy constructor 和一個(gè) assignment 運(yùn)算符 049 Declare a copy constructor and an assignment operator for classes with dynamically allocated memory. 條款12：在 constructor 中盡量以 initialization 取代 assignment 052 Prefer initialization to assignment in constructors. 條款13：Initialization list 中的 members 初始化排列次序應(yīng)該 和其在 class 內(nèi)的聲明次序相同 057 List members in an initialization list in the order in which they are declared. 條款14：總是讓 base class 擁有 virtual destructor 059 Make sure base classes have virtual destructors. 條款15：令 operator= 傳回"*this 的 reference" 064 Have operator= return a reference to *this. 條款16：在 operator= 中為所有的 data members 賦予內(nèi)容 068 Assign to all data members in operator=. 條款17：在 operator= 中檢查是否"自己賦值給自己" 071 Check for assignment to self in operator=. 類與函數(shù)之設(shè)計(jì)和聲明 077 Classes and Functions: Design and Declaration 條款18：努力讓接口完滿且最小化 079 Strive for class interfaces that are complete and minimal. 條款19：區(qū)分member functions, non-member functions和 friend functions三者 084 Differentiate among member functions, non-member functions, and friend functions. 條款20：避免將 data members 放在公開接口中 089 Avoid data members in the public interface. 條款21：盡可能使用 const 091 Use const whenever possible. 條款22：盡量使用 pass-by-reference（傳址）， 少用 pass-by-value（傳值） 098 Prefer pass-by-reference to pass-by-value. 條款23：當(dāng)你必須傳回object 時(shí)，不要嘗試傳回 reference 101 Don’t try to return a reference when you must return an object. 條款24：在函數(shù)重載（function overloading）和 參數(shù)缺省化（parameter defaulting）之間，謹(jǐn)慎抉擇 106 Choose carefully between function overloading and parameter defaulting. 條款25：避免對(duì)指針型別和數(shù)值型別進(jìn)行重載 109 Avoid overloading on a pointer and a numerical type. 條款26：防衛(wèi)潛伏的 ambiguity（模棱兩可）狀態(tài) 113 Guard against potential ambiguity. 條款27：如果不想使用編譯器暗自產(chǎn)生的 member functions， 就應(yīng)該明白拒絕它 116 Explicitly disallow use of implicitly generated member functions you don’t want. 條款28：嘗試切割 global namespace（全域命名空間） 117 Partition the global namespace. 類與函數(shù)之實(shí)現(xiàn) 123 Classes and Functions: Implementation 條款29：避免傳回內(nèi)部數(shù)據(jù)的 handles 123 Avoid returning "handles" to internal data. 條款30：避免寫出member function，傳回一個(gè) non-const pointer 或 reference 并以之指向較低存取層級(jí)的 members 129 Avoid member functions that return non-const pointers or references to members less accessible than themselves. 條款31：千萬不要傳回"函數(shù)內(nèi) local 對(duì)象的 reference"， 或是"函數(shù)內(nèi)以 new 獲得的指針?biāo)傅膶?duì)象" 131 Never return a reference to a local object or to a dereferenced pointer initialized by new within the function. 條款32：盡可能延緩變量定義式的出現(xiàn) 135 Postpone variable definitions as long as possible. 條款33：明智地運(yùn)用 inlining 137 Use inlining judiciously. 條款34：將文件之間的編譯依賴關(guān)系（compilation dependencies） 降至最低 143 Minimize compilation dependencies between files. 繼承機(jī)制與面向?qū)ο笤O(shè)計(jì) 153 Inheritance and Object-Oriented Design 條款35：確定你的 public inheritance 模塑出 "isa" 的關(guān)系 154 Make sure public inheritance models "isa." 條款36：區(qū)分"接口繼承（interface inheritance）"和 "實(shí)現(xiàn)繼承（implementation inheritance）" 161 Differentiate between inheritance of interface and inheritance of implementation. 條款37：絕對(duì)不要重新定義一個(gè)繼承而來的非虛擬函數(shù) 169 Never redefine an inherited nonvirtual function. 條款38：絕對(duì)不要重新定義一個(gè)繼承而來的缺省參數(shù)值 171 Never redefine an inherited default parameter value. 條款39：避免在繼承體系中做 cast down（向下轉(zhuǎn)型）的動(dòng)作 173 Avoid casts down the inheritance hierarchy. 條款40：通過 layering（分層技術(shù)）來模塑 has-a 或 is-implemented-in-terms-of 的關(guān)系 182 Model "has-a" or "is-implemented-in-terms-of" through layering. 條款41：區(qū)分 inheritance 和 templates 185 Differentiate between inheritance and templates. 條款42：明智地運(yùn)用 private inheritance（私有繼承） 189 Use private inheritance judiciously. 條款43：明智地運(yùn)用多繼承（multiple inheritance，MI） 194 Use multiple inheritance judiciously. 條款44：說出你的意思并了解你所說的每一句話 210 Say what you mean; understand what you’re saying.雜項(xiàng)討論（Miscellany） 212 條款45：知道 C++（編譯器）默默為我們完成和調(diào)用哪些函數(shù) 212 Know what functions C++ silently writes and calls. 條款46：寧愿編譯和連接時(shí)出錯(cuò)，也不要執(zhí)行時(shí)才錯(cuò) 216 Prefer compile-time and link-time errors to runtime errors. 219 Ensure that non-local static objects are initialized before they’re used. 條款48：不要對(duì)編譯器的警告訊息視而不見 223 Pay attention to compiler warnings. 條款49：盡量讓自己熟悉 C++ 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)程序庫 224 Familiarize yourself with the standard library. 條款50：加強(qiáng)自己對(duì) C++ 的了解 232 Improve your understanding of C++.
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